Blue light cystoscopy reduces bladder cancer recurrence risk by 38% compared to white light cystoscopy, as shown in the BRAVO study. The BRAVO study used real-world data from 626 veterans, confirming ...

Data from patients treated in the late 1990s is now emerging, making it possible to assess the effect of improved detection and subsequent changes in patient management on recurrence rates ( Table 2).

When using a diagnostic tool, it is common see to more false-positives as the number of true-positives increases ( Table 1). The accuracy of fluorescence cystoscopy is also affected by previous ...